Please explain the circuit diagram of the IC called AP9101C, which makes the charging/discharging protection circuit of lithium battery.
The circuit diagram below is a basic charge/discharge circuit diagram from the AP9101C data sheet.
Question 1
I think you can input the power supplied from the charger to p+ and P-. Where should the power supplied by the battery be connected and used when the battery is discharged?
Question 2
Also, in the above circuit diagram, the MOSFETs connected to DO and CO have drains facing each other.
My knowledge is short so this seems like a nonsense schematic.
Please explain this.
For reference, DO outputs a signal when discharged, and CO outputs a signal when charging. Is written on the data sheet.
Question 3
In addition, I would really appreciate if you could explain how the current flows when charging or discharging.
We are well aware that buying and using a charge/discharge module is advantageous in terms of both economics and safety.
Please do not give such advice.
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1)P+,P- is used when charging, but it is also used when discharging.
2) Looking at Q1 and Q2, there are diodes in parallel with the MOS FET. This diode is called a parasitic diode. In other words, it is not intentionally inserted, it is a diode that is unavoidable during the process of making a MOS FET.
Suppose you only use one Q1. The external charging voltage is too high to cause overcharging, and to prevent this, even if Q1 is turned off, it is stuck in parallel and the current continues to flow due to the parasitic diode. On the contrary, even if Q2 is turned off to prevent over-discharge, it sticks in parallel, causing more discharge due to parasitic diodes.
If there are no parasitic diodes, one FET is sufficient. However, in order to prevent current flowing in both directions due to the parasitic diode, we have to make the two facing each other as above.
3. The above circuit is literally a protection circuit. Normally, Q1 and Q2 are ON. Then, if the battery voltage becomes higher than 4.3~4.35V (overcharge), too much current flows (overcurrent), or if the battery voltage becomes overdischarged below 2V, Q1, Q2 turn off and the current is cut off.
For reference, the circuit above is a protection circuit, not a charging circuit. Never charge through the protection circuit.
For example, if you put 5V into a lithium rechargeable battery that contains only the above circuit, it cannot be charged. The overcurrent protection circuit operates and cuts off charging, so no matter how long you wait, charging is not possible.