In lithium-ion batteries, the open circuit voltage is the potential difference between the two poles measured in an equilibrium state in which no external current flows.
But when discharging, the voltage is lower than the open circuit voltage.
Lithium ions and electrons move from the positive electrode to the negative electrode and then return from the negative electrode to the positive electrode when discharged. So, shouldn't it be the same as the original OCV value?
The book says voltage drop due to ohmic resistance and polarization resistance, but I know that the voltage decreases when the resistance increases, but I don't know why it becomes lower than the original state.
Is it because lithium ions are consumed to form the SEI layer, or is it not completely transferred from the cathode to the anode?
Also, if lithium ions cannot move completely, what happens to the paired electrons? Are they left in the current collector or conductor?
Please explain in detail.
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This is an equivalent representation of the battery. There is a voltage source inside and a resistor (ESR) is attached in series.
When connecting a resistor (RL) to the outside, the voltage applied to RL Vout = RL/(RL+Resr) x Vin.
Open means RL is Open, i.e. infinite. Therefore, at this time, Vout = Vin, but if you apply external resistance,
Since RL/(RL+Resr) <1, the voltage must be lowered unconditionally.
It is not necessary to consider the former with this phenomenon. It's just Ohm's law.
Note please.